The former player: 'I really hoped to carry on playing'
Warning: This piece contains descriptions of discriminatory comments and behaviour
Ex-England player Luther Burrell claims that speaking out to reveal racism in professional rugby brought his career to an early end.
In a June 2022, Burrell characterized racism as being "rife" in the game, displaying digital communications and remembering training ground "jokes" he had been subject to while representing Newcastle.
At that time 34 and without a team, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been a handful of games with guest team the Barbarians.
"I have absolutely had to end my career because of what occurred," he told reporters.
"I hoped to continue playing, naturally I did. I sought that, and it fell through when news emerged that there were inquiries going on.
"That was challenging - I had to simply accept the fate and accept that this whole situation is a lot more important than me."
A sports organization investigation in April 2023 found Burrell's allegations were true "likely correct", but stated it could not gather enough proof to categorically say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's Six Nations games in 2014 and 2015, but was surprisingly excluded for their team for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell revealed to journalists he also encountered discrimination within the England set-up, during a Test career that saw him win 15 caps after his first game in 2014.
"I've had several traumatic experiences within England camp," he said.
"Some discrimination and other just old-school mentality that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become normalised in dressing rooms, in Burrell's experience.
"It's something that has been dressed up as humour and that's been the problem that I've personally experienced and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"Over a extended period you just begin to believe that it's the standard and that is acceptable and that it's not harmful, but that's incorrect."
Burrell explains he was finally spurred to go public after a team-mate at Newcastle called him as a "slave" and told him to put sunscreen on his arms and legs "where your shackles were."
The rugby authority said Burrell's disclosures had led to "increased scrutiny at the environment within the elite game and to the implementation of an strategy for the professional game."
"We has given significant attention on diversity and inclusion in the sport and a great deal of work completed both before and after Luther Burrell came forward and revealed his experiences of racism and class discrimination," it added.
"We are continuing work with clubs and partners in the elite level to work for a environment of acceptance but acknowledge this requires patience and is an ongoing process."
Every Prem and PWR club now has in-person training on creating inclusive cultures, with its effectiveness tracked via individual reports and surveys.
All England players, including age-grade squads, are trained in being "engaged observers" to intervene and protect others from harmful conduct.
"You should be so proud of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the documentary Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"We know it has had this effect on you and ended your career, but in our eyes, you have achieved so much. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's dad Geoff passed away soon after the filming of the film, and his sister passed away earlier this year.
Burrell, who grew up on a council estate in Huddersfield, continues his work to make the sport more open.
His charitable organization aims to connect with young people in under-served communities and help them thrive on and off the field with free sports training, guidance and nutrition education.
"My intentions are pure, I want to see the progress of the game and if nobody else is willing to share their story then I'll persist to fight that cause because I'm not just doing this for myself," he said.
"We have an obligation to make the game as great as it can be and the more I speak about it hopefully the more comfortable others will become about sharing their own stories as well.
"I need to grab the bull by the opportunity and keep bearing this banner and continue carrying this responsibility and do what I can to create opportunities and make the sport more attractive and more welcoming.
"There's a lot of disadvantaged young people and a lot of economic hardship and I sincerely think that the sport has the ability to change their futures, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a return to previous team Northampton in November 2022